Risk Versus Reward The Continuing Vaccination Question

Risk Versus Reward: The Continuing Vaccination Question As young Americans living in the twenty first century, vaccines have always had a place in our lives. It is taught to us at a young age that vaccines are not only beneficial but necessary to the pursuit of healthy and long lives. For decades we have been giving vaccines to ourselves and our children without question because the doctors say we should and they have the education, not us. The number of vaccines children are mandated to receive continues to rise at an alarming rate. Currently, children receive approximately fourteen different vaccinations before the age of two Many of these vaccinations require multiple inoculations, which often have a child receiving four more shots in†¦show more content†¦In retrospective study children under the age of one, who had the DPT shot delayed by four months showed to have reduced the incident of asthma by six percent on average (McDonald et al. 628). Parents and health care pro viders need to ask how much is too much and how young is too young? Conventional thought is that the earlier a child receives vaccination, the earlier they start to build anti-bodies, preventing the child from ever contracting an active form of the disease (Miller 167). This is contradicting to the rational used to promote breast feeding. Health care professionals teach the importance of breast feeding because infants have immature immune systems and need the mother’s anti-bodies from breast milk to keep them healthy. If an infant’s immune system is not strong enough handle the regular Bactria and viruses of the world, how can the same immature immune system build up anti-bodies from a vaccine within hours after birth? Vaccines are considered the number one health achievement of the twentieth century (Achievements in Public Health†). Mass vaccinations and the herd immunity they provide are believed to have saved countless lives since their introduction. On averag e it takes the body a week or longer to detect, identify, and build up antibodies to unknown microbes. For some diseases a week is long enough to inflict lasting

Who Influences Me Free Essays

19 Who Has an Influence on My Life Throughout life there are many people who influence you. Your family, friends, teachers, coaches, and even people who see you only once in your lifetime could influence you. Each person, as they grow up, changes either for better or even for worse from the impact of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Influences Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am lucky to have to close relatives as my greatest influences in life because they change me for the better every day. The biggest influences in my life have been my grandparents and my mother. My grandmother has influenced my life greatly. She is always there when I need her and has helped shape me to the person I am today. My future has been influenced extremely by my grandma because she works as a nurse at a hospital in Sandusky. I was practically raised by my grandmother and since I have always been so close to her, I have decided to follow in her footsteps and create a career path for myself in the medical field. All the time she tells me stories about the hospital and the people she meets and is able to help. I would really like to be able to meet new people and help them as well and at the same time make my grandmother proud. Aside from all her outstanding and tedious work in the hospital, she also finds the time to make it to everyone of my sporting events. When I was just starting out in sports, I wanted to quit swimming because I was having such a hard time with it. However, my grandma told me to not give up and to push on. She has made a significant impact on my life. Another large influence in my life is my grandpa. From a very young age, he was my rock. He was the one that taught me to fish, to ride my bike, and even how to hula hoop. He not only is a great grandpa, but also he is a dedicated and extremely hard worker. Everyone could count on him to help them out in whatever they needed. I remember him always taking me with him when he used to go to people’s houses to either fix their heater or lawn mower or even fix their car. Currently, he fixes lawn mowers, weed eaters, or any other mechanical device that needed tuned up. He receives numerous calls from neighbors, friends, and even sometimes strangers because he gets the job done for little, or most of the time, no cost at all. He is a great person who puts everyone before himself. He has made a great deal of influence on me with the fact that I love to fix things and work on cars too. I will never forget the time we fixed up his old Jeep Wrangler together from complete scratch and put it all back together. Without him, I would be a total different person. Last but not least, my mother has impacted my life. It’s obvious that most mothers would naturally have a huge influence on their child’s lives, but my mom went beyond the normal. For example, around thirteen years old, my parents got a divorce. However, a long time before that they had many issues and arguments constantly. My mom knew that the marriage was over and probably was best to just end it, but instead she stayed in it for my sake. She influenced me by showing me sometimes you have to be selfless and put the ones you love before your own self. She ultimately sacrificed her happiness for my own. She has taught me that no matter what, you have to be strong and never give up. My mother not only taught me to be strong, she also taught me to always be the best person I can be and to give one hundred percent effort in everything I do. I learned that just getting by or taking the easy route isn’t okay and when things get tough I can’t just fold or fall down, I need to stand up and push through it. In conclusion, my grandparents and mother have made the biggest influences on my life. Without these three amazing human beings I wouldn’t be who I am today. They have instilled many valuable life lessons and created many of my current morals and for that I am eternally grateful. How to cite Who Influences Me, Essay examples

Patient Dumping free essay sample

Federal anti-dumping law, initiated by Congress as part of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, was designed to reverse a disturbing trend among hospital emergency rooms that either refuse to treat or transfer patients who cannot pay for medical services. Reference: Anti-dumping law flashes a yellow light on emergency cases patient dumping Healthcare Financial Management, March, 1991 by Lawrence A. Laddaga, Jeffrey A. Haynes If you work in a hospital that provides emergency services—whether or not you work in the ED—you must be familiar with the laws that prohibit patient dumping. Patient dumping happens when a medically unstable patient is transferred or discharged for financial reasons. In 1986, in response to widely publicized dumping incidents, Congress passed the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), sometimes referred to as COBRA since it was part of the year’s Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. 1 An institution that violates COBRA may be subject to serious penalties such as injunctions, fines, civil damages, and even the loss of Medicare and Medicaid funding. We will write a custom essay sample on Patient Dumping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Section: National News The 9th U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that a patient need not be in a hospital or hospital-owned ambulance before being covered by the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), also known as the patient anti-dumping law. Under earlier interpretations, for a case to fall under EMTALA a patient either had to be at the emergency room or in an ambulance belonging to the hospital to which they were being taken in order to be assured they would not be diverted to another hospital. But the appeals court ruled that any patient in any ambulance that arrives at a hospital that is not in diversionary status must be treated. That definition differs from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) regulations that define the term to mean a patient is on hospital property or is in a hospital-owned ambulance, said Janet Richmond, an attorney for the California Healthcare Association. The decision provides a court interpretation defining comes to the hospital. Richmond also said the decision includes communication from any ambulance with the hospital.

Take a Stand free essay sample

There are 3-4 prompts associated with ACH of the first 5 weeks of class. You will not turn this assignment in until week 7, but there are specific Asss related to this assignment each week to help keep you on track. Part Two of this assignment will be an extended journal entry in which you will chronicle various events in your life leading from enrolling at GU, through program completion, and career success. Both part One and Two will be due at the end of week 7. Format Requirements: Please read format expectations for each part of this assignment. Grading Criteria: This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. Part One: To be completed in Weeks 1 through 5 Directions: Please read and respond to each of the prompts within each week or topics provided. We will write a custom essay sample on Take a Stand or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Your responses to each prompt should be between 75-100 words in length. Solid academic writing is expected. (Please write responses on this document; the spacing will automatically manipulate if you quire more room to write.Do not forget to SAVE the document each time you add information. ) Topic 1 Journal Reflections: Motivation What motivated you to enroll at GUCCI and pursue a degree in higher education? Why is motivation important for student success? What factors often contribute to decreasing motivation? What strategies can you use to rekindle motivation when you feel it is decreasing? Topic 2 Journal Reflections: My Program of Study Please review your planned Program of Study as this can assist you in answering the following questions. You can locate this at: GU. Deed.What program of study are you enrolled or planning to enroll? Identify and discuss some of the courses you will be required to take. Which courses do you anticipate being the most challenging? What GUCCI resources are available to help you with these challenges? What skills or knowledge will you need for this program of study and how do you anticipate gaining these skills or knowledge needed? How will effective time management help you complete your program? Topic 3 Journal Reflections: Leadership and Service What is your view or stance on what leadership resembles? What does it mean to serve others?How will your program of study prepare you to lead and serve in your career or community? Please describe a real world example, of a well-known person, exhibiting leadership and service. Why does this person stand out to you among others? Topic 4: Journal Reflections: Collaboration and Communication Describe a time when you participated in a group that ha d good collaboration. How did this influence the amount of time required to complete the task? What were some key aspects of what makes good collaboration? How does effective communication affect effective collaboration?How might different methods of learning affect collaboration? Topic 5: Journal Reflections: Priorities What major personal, professional, or academic obstacles do you have to overcome to make school a priority? What are some ways you might work around these challenges? How do you organize your priorities? Is there a priority that you will not alter; why? What are some strategies that you can utilize to prioritize school? How will proportioning your academic responsibilities contribute to your college success as well as prepare you for your career path? Part Two: To be completed in Weeks 6 through 7Directions: Please respond to the following 4 prompts in paragraph form; 250 words per prompt. Use specific examples to support and enhance each response. (The spacing can be manipulated as you require more room for your responses if needed. ) 1 . Writing Prompt : Personal Background Respond to the following questions within your response: Where are you from? How have your background and your family values shaped who you are today? What are some of your greatest strengths and weaknesses? Describe your schooling experience prior to GU? What did you like most? What did you dislike?Who was your favorite teacher and why? 2. Writing Prompt #2: Goals and Planning Respond to the following questions within your response: How, when, and why did you decide to enroll at GU? What are some expectation(s) you wish to gain from attending GU? What are your academic goals, personal goals, and professional goals? What are you planning to do now to ensure you will be able to obtain those goals? 3. Writing Prompt #3: Graduation Road Map Use the following questions to help you reflect in your response to this prompt: (You do not need to address all questi ons; these are here as a guide only. )Who will play a key role in the successful completion of your program, and what is their role? When should you meet with key professional and academic mentors? What may you need to explore further, to find knowledge and information that will help you complete your program? Where are the obstacles within your academic plan? How will you ensure successful completion of this program? How will you meet deadlines and requirements? When do you expect to complete your program of study? What type of job do you expect to have upon graduation? Why did you choose that profession? What salary expectations do you have?

computer networks essays

computer networks essays Computers by themselves are useful tools. But once they are interconnected, they surge in usefulness and suddenly become media. One computer is connected into a network which is then patched into a network of networks. Computer networks have the potential to break the monopolies of media institutions. With networks, there is a shift from centralized, one-way media to dispersed, infinite-way communication. Every audience member in the world can at the same time be an information provider. Channels of information creation and distribution become cheaper and broader until we have limitless bandwidth and storage capacity. This technology comes with a cautionary note. Every emergent media technology has been hailed as the harbinger of popular expression. Yet each new media is used for commercial ends by those in control of power. Newspapers, radios, and television have become institutionalized and continue to institutionalize as they are purchased by larger and larger conglomerates. Adver tiser-supported media has become a top-down business. The audience is, after all, not the consumer in television. That role lies with the sponsor. The sponsor purchases advertising time and decides what it is they want to support. Television, and other media forms, are dominated by these sponsors supporting what they perceive is what their consumers want, or what they want their particular product to be associated with. The question is whether computer networks will go this route. Computer networks are prone to some of the same problems as traditional media. Though anyone can place something on the World Wide Web, it becomes increasingly difficult to make that web page known to the general Internet audience. Large media-entities are able to create flashy, innovative sites that make personal sites look frumpy, and quickly passed over. An analogy can be drawn between television and the Internet. Anyone can videotape a subject, and with a little time, edit i...

Origins of the Cornucopia in Greek Mythology

Origins of the Cornucopia in Greek Mythology Definition: The cornucopia, literally horn of plenty, comes to the Thanksgiving table thanks to Greek mythology. The horn may have originally been that of a goat which the infant Zeus used to drink from. In the story of Zeus childhood, it is told that he was sent away to a cave for safekeeping to prevent his father Cronus from eating him. Sometimes it is said that he was nursed by a goat named Amalthea and sometimes that he was fostered by a nymph of the same name who fed him on goats milk. While an infant, Zeus did what other babies do cry. To cover up the noise and keep Cronus from finding out his wifes plot to protect her son, Amalthea asked the Kuretes or Korybantes to come to the cave in which Zeus was hidden and make lots of noise. There are various versions of the evolution of the cornucopia from a horn sitting on the head of the nurturing goat. One is that the goat tore it off herself to present it to Zeus; another that Zeus tore it off and gave it back to the Amalthea-goat promising her abundance; another, that it came from a river gods head. The cornucopia is most frequently associated with the goddess of the harvest, Demeter, but is also associated with other gods, including the aspect of the Underworld god that is the god of wealth, Pluto, since the horn symbolizes abundance.

SAINT AUGUSTINE'S CONFESSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

SAINT AUGUSTINE'S CONFESSION - Essay Example First, Monica’s outstanding obedience wife to her husband influenced Augustines conversion. In addition, Monica introduced her son to Ambrose, who would later baptize him. Finally, Monica compelled and encouraged Augustine to attend school that shaped his life and would later be a priest. Augustine’s strong conviction to the Christian world originated Monica. Initially, both Patricius, (Augustines father) and Augustine were non-convert and finally got saved through the influence of Monica. Monica prayed to God on behalf of her husband’s soul and Augustine. â€Å"With a pure heart and faith in you she even more lovingly travailed in labor for my eternal salvation.†1 Augustine wonders how his parents lived harmoniously with each other saves to Monica. Monica was a God fearing individual and served her husband as her lord with care to her children. Her marvelous traits inform Augustine’s strong need for conversion. She is, therefore, significantly inspirational to Augustine making him grow as a God fearing individual hence his conversion to Christianity. Monica instills good morals to her son based on how she cared for her family, husband and merciful manner she submitted to serve God. From the assertions of Augustine, â€Å"When I was a boy, I had heard about eternal life promised to us through the humility of our Lord God. Coming down to our pride, and I was already sighed with the sigh of the cross and seasoned with salt from the time I came from my mother’s womb.†2 From here, we realize that it was the mother that firstly drew Augustine’s attentions towards the Lord. Monica became so amiable to Augustine’s father and vowed never to have a quarrel with her husband. Augustine also asserts that, ‘she anxiously labored to convince me that you, my God, were my father rather than he, and in this endeavor you helped her to gain victory over her husband.†3 From this quote, it is justified that Monica was

Indigenous Peoples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Indigenous Peoples - Essay Example It is also this roots that makes the term Indigenous Peoples, not just ambivalent, but highly paradoxical. Definition of Indigenous Peoples The term Indigenous Peoples has been a subject of much debate but mainstream understanding indicates that people who lived in an area before the conquerors arrive are indigenous. This understanding, however, is muddled with confusion. Indians, for example, were in Louisiana before the arrival of white Americans but ask any American and they would claim original ownership of the land. A further understanding would most likely present two concepts: 1) The First People pertains to the original settlers of a country or area. They are also often called ethnic group or aborigines. 2) Cultural Difference is also used as a major differentiating point between who is indigenous and who is not. Languages, religion or spiritual belief, and socio-economic structure define who is indigenous to the culture In a bid to have a universal understanding of indigenou s peoples, a defition was developed by Jose Martinez Cobo in the Special Rapporteur on Discrimination against Indigenous Populations. This was, for a time, accepted internationally (Sanders 214): "Indigenous populations are composed of the existing descendants of the peoples who inhabited the present territory of a country wholly or partially at the time when persons of a different culture or ethnic origin arrived there from other parts of the world, overcame them, by conquest, settlement or other means, reduced them to a non-dominant or colonial condition; who today live more in conformity with their particular social, economic and cultural customs and traditions than with the institutions of the country of which they now form part, under a state structure which incorporates mainly national, social and cultural characteristics of other segments of the population which are predominant." However, the definition resulted to many questions and challenged many political, cultural, and s ocial beliefs. For one, the acceptance of the definition makes the identity of indigenous peoples dependent on the chronology of its social development. Next, classifying conquerors as people from other parts of the world effectively eliminates neighboring conquerors which may have been more prevalent before recorded history. The definition fundamentally assumed and solidified that the formation of identity, history and culture were dependent on when Europeans started colonizing different parts of the world. It was beyond simple. It was, in fact, unreasonable as it ignored the more organic formation of culture, history and identity that started hundreds, if not thousands of years before European colonizers. Essentially, the definition that was supposed to uphold the identity of a country was based on discrimination. So much, in fact, that even their definition had to be around the axis of the colonizers. Europeans had to arrive before the presence of culture is recognized. The defin ition may have been well-intentioned but the result only lead to further marginalization of people that should have never had to fight for their land. There is also the lack of framework on how culture, tradition and beliefs continue to persist even in the face of modernity and continuous strengthening of global hybrid community. What the definition did, though, is make provide a better and stronger mainstream understanding of the

Alaska Airline & Corporate Culture Essay Example for Free

Alaska Airline Corporate Culture Essay A unique cultural characteristic of Alaska Airline would be the benefits they allot their employees. After 90 days of working with Alaska Airline, an employee earns benefits which allows him or her to fly anywhere at anytime with 1 other individual. In addition to this, the employee is given 6 â€Å"buddy passes† each year which allows the employee to give 6 roundtrip tickets to people other than himself or the 1 person he chooses to travel with. The best part about these benefits is that as long as the employee remains in good standing with the company, they are issued indefinitely, even after retirement. Companies can unknowingly cultivate negative culture among its employees and customers. This can happen in numerous ways. If a company were to institute a new policy which applied undue stress to its employees, adopt new prices that are greatly higher than what its customers are accustomed to paying, or allow a top representative to behave in a manner which sharply contradicts the values of the company, it would certainly be cultivating negative culture. While such behaviors may be immediately illusive to the company, some, if not many, employees and customers will notice it, and the company will suffer for it. In order to know specifically how a business corporate culture can be amended for the better, it would be necessary to know which business is being discussed or at the very least, the disposition of it’s corporate culture. While a grocery chain may need to focus on training employees to assist the elderly or the otherwise incapable individuals with carrying and loading groceries into cars, the corporate culture of an electronic store may benefit from having better-educated employees about the products in order that said employees may help customers make better-informed purchases. As far as developing a sense of corporate culture directed at the employees, a company may issue monthly kudos to employees who overachieved or plan celebrations after goals have been reached. Nevertheless, any and all amendments put into effect by a business for the purpose of improving corporate culture must result in an enhancement of customer or employee experience and or perception. There will certainly be a cultural shift in Microsoft as they reorganize to emphasize customer service. Before, the company was not so focused on customer service, and therefore had a corporate culture with its center of gravity more on product development. Now, however, the company must necessarily implement changes ubiquitously, effectively replanting its center of gravity, in order to meet is goal of honing in on customer service. Such a drastic make-over will involve a significant cultural shift. While Jet Blue has experienced much difficult as a result of bad weather which has in fact damaged their culture, it would be hasty to say their culture has been irreparably damaged. There can be work done through public relations and customer appreciative measures to repair its damaged culture. Work Cites 1. â€Å"Work-Life and Benefits- Alaska Airlines.† alaskaair.com. Alaskaair, n.d. Web. 20 April 2011. 2. March, Suzanne. â€Å"JetBlue Airways – Flight Change Fees Waived For Passengers Affected By Bad Weather .† starglobaltribune.com. Starglobaltribune, n.d. Web. 20 April 2011.

Near Death Experiences :: essays research papers fc

There are many phenomena present in today’s world concerning both life and death. An extraordinary incorporation of these prominent values is a Near Death Experience (NDE). Near Death Experiences empower and affect the psyche of many, changing their lives forever and altering their perception of death. Many questions arise from this particular topic simply because you have to experience it to fully understand its meaning. Questions such as, What is it, What happens, and how do they occur are familiar to experts in this field or to the people who have first hand experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the meaning of a Near Death Experience is different to the individual, it is described to be a personal encounter with death, later being brought back to life. The man responsible for triggering the later studies of this perplexing subject is Dr. Raymond Moody. During the year of 1975, he published a book, Life After Life, explaining his newfound concept of a Near Death Experience. He heard about a specific case study that extremely intrigued him. “As a student, Raymond Moody heard about the experience of a psychiatrist who had ‘died’ from double pneumonia only recovering after his doctor had pronounced him dead to his family.'; This remarkable case stunned Raymond Moody, and after publishing his book, this case intrigued society. This particular psychiatrist went on to write about his Near Death Experience, but Dr. Moody was the first to research this unknown topic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Dr. Moody set a precedence in studying this subject, the event that triggered his studies was not the first Near Death Experience to be documented. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, also a psychiatrist, worked with survivors from the Nazi concentration camps. Because of her patients, she had become completely convinced that something unexpected happens close to death. Her book, Death and Dying, much more general than Dr. Moody’s work, contains the first real exploration of a NDE by a doctor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obviously, Near Death Experiences occur near an individual’s time of death. The cause of an individual’s time of death can come from virtually anything, but, usually results from some sort of accident. “Accidents come out of the blue. They can happen to anyone and there’s no time to prepare for them.'; Because accidents may occur at any time, so may a Near Death Experience. Thus meaning that, only knowledge of the subject matter can reduce fear and gain preparation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each individual may experience different emotions, visions, and encounters, but generally, the first few stages of Near Death Experiences are common throughout each case.

Spirit of Adoption vs. Orphan Spirit

Spirit of Adoption vs. Orphan Spirit Human Needs* Safety Unconditional Love Affirmation Purpose Frost, Jack and Trisha, Shiloh Place Ministries Orphan Orphan – Biblical definition: â€Å"Comfortless one† Living as orphans or comfortless ones is living with unresolved unmet needs – either without a family, or in the midst of a family system. This can be seen in our anxiety levels, and by the unhealthy roles we take on to try and be accepted, loved, and welcome in our own families. There are over 200,000 orphans in the world today The effect of physical Orphanhood in children Vulnerability to confusion, anxiety, depression, and behavioral/psychiatric disorders †¢Failure to thrive and actual physical growth stunted Johnson et al. , (2011) †¢Perceived lack of control leading to feeling of helplessness †¢Ongoing inner longing and hope for love and sense of belonging †¢Pleasure connected to life, love, joy and happiness is numbed Dr. Judith Arndell, Psy. D. †¢Lack of Identity Identity Where does identity come from In the World: Occupation Economic Status Sexual Disease Religion Activity Victim Physical Family Role Past Illness Material thingsJust as children with absent genetic fathers have identity issues, (Terwogt et al. , 2002) so will we without the truth from our heavenly Father about who we are. In the Family of God: â€Å"For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are the sons of God. For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, â€Å"Abba Father† Romans 8:14-16 God: The Perfect Parent In Him, we are adopted and can have our needs met †¢ John 14:15-18 â€Å"I will not leave you as orphans, but 14:15will send the Holy Spirit (The Comforter) to be with ou and in you. † †¢ Hosea 14:3 â€Å"In you the orphan finds mercy †¢ Psalm 68:5-6 â€Å"A father to the fatherless, a 68:5defender of widows, is God in His holy dwelling. God sets the lonely in families† ADOPTION â€Å"Huiothesia† (Greek): â€Å"the place and condition of a son given to one to whom it does not naturally belong†; â€Å" To place as sons†. Adoption Legal Permanent Change of name and identity Adoption in the Bible Mephibosheth: David brought him into his own family and treated him as a son 2 Sam 9:1-13 Esther: Adopted and raised by her uncle Esther 2:7 Moses: Adopted by Pharaoh's Daughter in EgyptExodus 2 Adoption begins with Loss Matt. 10:39 †¢ â€Å"The person who tries to preserve his life will lose it, but the person who loses his life for me will preserve it. † John 12:24 †¢ â€Å"Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit. Luke 9:23-24 †For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: but whosoever will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it. † But Offer s New Life 2 Tim 2:11 I rely on this saying: â€Å"If we died with Him we shall also live with Him. † Levels of adoptee’s acceptance View of adoption determines outcome (Borders et al. , 2007) No acknowledgement Denial No truth or healing Acknowledgement with questions Questioning Missing something Focus on Loss Angry Stuck in resentment Aware of both Loss and Gain Processing Moving Forward Peace Focus on Gain: New Life LIFE Orphan Son Image of God See God as Loving Father Independent/Self-reliant Dependency Interdependent Orphan Spirit Live by Law Theology Live by Love Insecure/ Lacks Peace Security Rest and Peace Strives for Man’s acceptance Need for Approval Accepted in God’s love and grace No Motivation or need to impressMotive for Service Service motivated by gratitude and love Self-rejection Counterfeit affections: addiction, escapism Competition Distrustful Self-Image Source of Comfort Relationships View of Authority Accusation and Exposure View of Other’s Faults Guarded and Conditional Expression of Love Conditional and Distant Bondage Servant/Slave Sense of God’s Presence Condition Position Positive and affirmed Resting in the Father’s Love/ Holy Spirit Humility and Unity Respectful; Honoring Love Covers Open, patient, affectionate, self-less, kind Close and Intimate Spirit of Adoption See God as MasterLiberty Son-ship Recognition for something Vision Receiving and Giving the Love of the Father Fight or Give up Future HOPE Frost, Jack and Trisha Shiloh Place Ministries Living as sons and daughters â€Å"Now you are no longer a slave but God's own child. And since you are his child, God has made you his heir. † Galatians 4:7 â€Å"He predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will-† Romans 12:2 Helpful Steps to Living Loved Allow time to Grieve/Be Real Psalm 62:8 Trust in him at all times, O people; pour out your hearts to him, for God is our refuge.View Adoption as Good (Borders, et al. , 2007) Ephesians 1:5 He predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will†¦ Renew our Minds according to the Word Romans 12:2 Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind Recognize and Resource The Family of God Eph. 4:16 From him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work. Acknowledge God’s truth, and have grace for process! Adopted into the Family Of God built up in Love† Both spirituality and surrounding relationships are orientating and motivating (Pargament, 2003) Participation in Church and its relational support system is protective of physical and mental health (Pargament, 2003) Forgiveness Grace Love Mercy â€Å"For this reason I bow my knees before the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named †¦ † (ESV) Ephesians 3:14-15 â€Å"You also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. † 1 Peter 2:5 (NIV) References . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Passmore, Nola L. (2004) Adoption and the Father Heart of God: helping adoptees deal with Issues of identity and loss. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 23 (2). pp. 165-175. ISSN 0733-4273 Pargament, Kenneth, L. (2003). Advances in the Conceptualization and Measurement of Religion and Spirituality; Implications for physical and mental health research. American Psychological Association, 58 (1). 64–74. doi: 10. 1037/1941-1022. S. 1. 3. Penny, J. , Borders, L. , & Portnoy, F. (2007). Reconstruction of Adoption Issues: Delineation of Five Phases Among Adult Adoptees.Journal Of Counseling & Development, 85(1), 30-41. Frost, Jack and Trisha, Shiloh Place Ministries. www. shilohplace. org Johnson, D. E. , & Gunnar, M. R. (2011). IV. GROWTH FAILURE IN INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN. Monographs Of The Society For Research In Child Development, 76(4), 92-126. doi:10. 1111/j. 1540-5834. 2011. 00629. Mark Meerum Terwogt, Caroline J. Meerum Terwogt-Reijnders, Suus M. J. van Hekkenn (2002). Identity problems related to absent genetic father http://www. zeitschrift-fuer-familienforschung. de/pdf/2002-3-terwogt. pdf

Disadvantages of science Essay

How Science and Technology Affects Human’s Life Science and technology are two things related to each other. Science is a systematic knowledge base, where a series of steps is followed in order to reliably predict the type of outcome. It is all about theories and focused on analysis. Science is the key by which man go anywhere at any time in the space. It has brought about several outstanding advantages to mankind. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledge are used for the study of a particular science. It is all about process. What is life without science and technology? Nowadays, people can’t imagine their lives without technology. Anywhere they go and whatever they do, there are many things related to science. These are human’s inventions and innovations or various technologies surround them that provide their needs. Even in their daily activities or simple tasks, they are already using those technologies. Refrigerators, microwaves, televisions, cellular phones, laptops, digital cameras, cars, computers and lights are some technologies that human uses in their daily lives. These technologies really provide them many advantages. It is easy to think about the advantages however, for your information technology has also disadvantages. Science and Technology helps human beings make their lives easier in such a way that it helps them in every sector. Like in transportation, through cars, airplanes or trains, they can travel faster to their desired places. From inventions and innovations of great minds, robots and machines are made to help people make lesser mistakes. Because of technology, man can save his time, efforts and give him a quality to his works. Moreover, technology increases production. People can create multiple materials in a short period of time because of modern machines. Most of all, one of the most important advantages of technology is through the field of medical science or human health. Because of the inventions of technology for surgical operations and discoveries of many medicines, human’s life span will be lengthened and will save innocent lives. Science and Technology also changed human’s way of communicating. From telephones to cellular phones, then came the computers and Internets which gave them information. Through these, now they can do video conferences to their love ones at abroad or chatting their friends. Satellite communication is another important dimension of technology. Satellite TV s and satellite radios have eased the broadcasting of events across the globe. Computers can store, organize and manage huge amounts of data. They can process large amounts of information. Computers have given rise to the software industry, one of the most progressive industries of the world. Gadgets can give entertainment not only to teenagers but to everyone. In addition technology also gives assurance or for emergency use. On the other hand, with the advancement in the field of latest technology, people face many disadvantages out of the benefit of modern technology. It can harm our environment. New transportation technology causes pollution by the smoke or gas from factories and cars. Most people lost their job because companies took up automatic machines to improve their production with accuracy. Yet, the answers or discoveries that technology gave may not be always correct. These machines look inexpensive and its good to use but once there are technical problems occur in machines, it took much time to fix it and also it can be more expensive. There are also side effects of technology in our health. This can cause growth of eye disease, increase of body weight and can cause cancer because of radiation of specific technology. Science and Technology can cause people’s communication poor. According to Lauren Nelson, when communicating face to face, nonverbal behaviors provide context clues for the words we use. Unfortunately, the Wall Street Journal found that technologies like email, texting and instant messaging remove these important context clues, and can lead to misunderstandings. Sarcasm and jokes without nonverbal context cues can cause frustration. Though smiley faces with different expressions called â€Å"emoticons† are sometimes used to substitute traditional nonverbal cues, they fall far short of what face-to-face communication can provide. He also states that as more students buy cell phones, iPods, and gaming systems, technology’s impact on effective communication is becoming more pronounced. As the District Chronicles reports, teachers attempting to convey messages about lessons and textbooks find students are texting, playing, or listening to music. Not only does this mitigate the teacher’s ability to communicate lessons, but it hurts future communicative interaction between the teacher and student because of the lack of respect it conveys. The youth has also been very much addicted to gadgets that they get to spend too much time with it and creates their own world. Technology can make people lazy. Many people are already dependent and embrace this technology. Like students playing computer games instead of going to school or study. Technology also brings us privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge and making profit out of video scandals. Advanced technology has also created thousands of cases of cyber crimes, cheating and fraud. And most of all because of the new technology, the world may be facing terrorists threat and all of us are afraid of nuclear war. If people of the world use these inventions and innovations in a right way, we are all going to be benefited out of these but if the motive of a human being is not positive, surely they will face the technology’s disadvantages.

Land degradation in Australia

Land degradation in Australia is a very serious and difficult environmental problem, as Australia is dependent on agricultural practices. (See land use in Australia.) Urban sprawl, land pollution, salinisation, and soil erosion may cause Land degradation after land clearing, or waterlogging through changes to the water table. Deforestation is a major issue that dramatically affects the land quality in Australia, as much of the native vegetation is replaced with insufficient ground cover used for various uses. One of the possible solutions could be to use genetically modified foods. Deforestation has been occurring for thousands of years. The lands used for cultivating crops worldwide were once forests. Humans have logged trees for a number of reasons, which include the need for timber, and space for agriculture, towns and cities. Though as it is a long-term effect it is very hard to reverse. This is because many environmental factors are caused over long periods of time, and then, once identified, will take a long time to solve. Urban sprawl is when cities expand from overpopulation and join adjacent towns and suburbs. The main problem associated with urbanisation is how most urban areas cannot support themselves. They only survive by importing food, water, energy, minerals and other resources whilst polluting enormous quantities of waste products that are produced. (See Typical Daily Inputs and Outputs of Matter and Energy for a U.S city of 1 million people.) Most urban areas have very little natural vegetation to absorb the air pollution, and to give out fresh oxygen; this isnt a good thing, as these areas produce large quantities of air pollution, water pollution, and solid wastes. Recycling is one of the environmental benefits of urbanisation because of the large amount of recycling materials in a concentrated area. This also reduces the stress on wildlife habitats, and therefore helps to preserve biodiversity. Soil de...

Can low fee schools successfully mimic the language policies of their elite counterparts

Can low fee schools successfully mimic the language policies of their elite counterparts 1.Abstract: In the Pakistani society, the English language has earned a prestigious place more in the minds of the people than it is in effect. The ability to speak English is what a layman would use to differentiate between educated and uneducated citizens. As much as learning English is a matter of earning respect at your workplace or the society in general, over time it has become the most important language in Pakistan taking over as the official language and the means for all or most business correspondences. Acting accordingly, the government made English language learning compulsory in all schools. This escalated to the point when English became the medium of examination at intermediate levels and above for most subjects. What this implied was that basic knowledge of the English language or more accurately, the ability to read, write and comprehend English is a basic necessity for students. This, however, did not go well with schooling structure at primary and secondary levels as governm ent schools could not afford or provide quality English teachers. It is arguable that this was one of the major reasons why the private schooling systems received a massive bloom in the society. With their relatively much higher fees, they could fill up that vacuum and provide what could be considered a quality education – an English based education. The Pakistani society now faced a new dilemma. Private schools were too expensive but government schools were not good enough. For the underprivileged, who still wanted what in their minds was a necessary quality education, the next venue that opened up was of the low-fee private schools. Mimicking the structure and curricular setup of â€Å"high-fee† private schools on a low profile, these schools promised to bring the same quality and standard of education and English learning at a much lower price, instantly attracting a large economic class of customers. The delusion that both these institutions and their customers ind ulge themselves in is that anything cheap can match up in quality. Low fees mean low salaries for teachers which consequently mean sub-standard teaching. The best way to describe these schools would be a blend where the problem with government schools is not entirely solved, but they managed to cover it up to an extent where there customers could be satisfied. What was completely overlooked by local schooling systems was the social lives of children and exactly how much their interaction with English was going to be. The popular culture introduced by the high-fee schools and later copied into the low fee schools was to begin the child’s schooling with the English language i.e. the first thing he has to learn at school is English. Considering how English is always going to be a second language, this approach is highly questionable. An alternate approach that is rarely practiced in Pakistan would have been to begin education in the children’s mother tongue and after a ce rtain level of proficiency in that language – or more precisely, after they have passed their critical periods, they could have been introduced to English. This of course comes with public displeasure as the views on English described above are hard fastened. Parents and teachers alike seem unwilling to try out the new strategy as in their minds the basic or foremost purpose of education is to learn English and what better way than to get right into it from the beginning. In this research, we aimed to see exactly how fruitful the current approach to learning English has been in two distinct socio-economic classes. For this purpose, a test that would examine the child’s basic understanding of and expression in the English language was devised. Students of grades 3 to 5 were given a series of pictures, and they were asked to describe and explain them in English Key-Words: Elite Schools, Low-Fee schools, Proficiency in English, Mother-tongue, Urdu, Middle-Class Families, Upper-Class Environment, Alien Language, Language Policy, Schools in Pakistan, English. 2.Theoretical Framework This research focuses on the effectiveness of School Policy in the development of proficiency in English; and the impact the budget of said schools has on the implementation of the said policies. It also considers feasibility of low-tier schools mimicking the policies of their elite counterparts, and whether these policies sit in with the socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds of students. 3.Case Study 1: High-fee private schools: 3.1 Introduction We’re not defining what we classify exactly as a â€Å"high fees†, but schools examined generally charged a total of between 18000 and 30000 for a quarter with four quarters of schooling. Target customers for these schools include a wide range of households from wealthy businessmen to the settled working class – and economically speaking, middle-class and all above. This range includes what one would call the â€Å"elite† schools and those that generally aspire to be so. Considering again the families that avail these institutions, in the urban areas of Punjab where this research was targeted, one could say that the children are orphaned in the heritage of their mother tongue. The parents normally themselves educated will not use said language in their household instead opting for the more â€Å"civilized† Urdu. At the same time, parents make as best of an effort as they can to indulge the child in the use of English since an ear ly age. Among the first words the child learns in these households would be common nouns, verbs and counting in English. Conveniently enough for these children, the two languages taught in all schools at primary level and the basic medium of instruction are English and Urdu. Another factor in the child’s development in the use of English outside of school would be the television. For said households and economic classes, the provision of a television set is a basic necessity. Not only does it become the main source of entertainment, it also becomes the growing child’s friend and teacher. With much of this source of entertainment i.e. cartoons being in English, it is deducible that the average child from these households is well equipped in the use and understanding of English; much to the delight of the educational institutions under consideration. What this means is that English being a medium of instruction since day one does not become a big issue as a second langua ge for these children and with the right curriculum, schools can capitalize on these grounds to fulfil their promise of â€Å"a quality education† – an English-medium education. Still, it must not be forgotten that the above scenario has used a lot of generalizations and has painted the picture with a thick brush. Even among these institutions, there would be students who would not grasp a second language so early in their life, and eventually suffer. Not only do they fail to use or understand the English, they inadvertently suffer in all their subjects as the examinations as with the medium of instruction are in English. Of course, under the pressure of their parents and the school, what this means is that they will eventually resort to wrote learning until a much later stage of their life when they can finally get a grasp of the language they had been subjugated to their whole lives. The policy of adopting English language teaching from nursery or kindergarten would have then failed. So while the institution lives up to its promise of providing quality English based learning to some or most of its students, it would have failed to do so equally and create a distinct education barrier among its generation which would define these children for the rest of their lives. In this part of the research, three high-fee private schools in the cities of Lahore and Sargodha were examined. The test described on the abstract above was conducted and some teachers and principals were interviewed to obtain their opinions in the matter. 3.2 English teaching policies and methodology English language teaching begins the day the child enters the school. While the curriculum may be restricted to alphabets and numbers or the written script, a lot of focus goes into the spoken prospect. Teachers encourage students to speak in English, while they themselves use it as much as possible to enhance the students’ understanding. Storytelling and reading picture books has become part of the curriculum. The child learns to say common words and general sentences in his first year or so. Slowly, he would have to conduct all communication on campus in English and mostly this is part of school’s education policy—discourage the use of any language other than English in the school. At the primary level, the curriculum includes stories for reading practices and creative writings are introduced as early as grade one to get the child to be able to express himself. This of course will now go hand in hand with lessons on grammar, sentence structure and such all the way till the end of the students’ secondary level schooling. By the time the students reach the first grade, it is imperative though that they can at least read, write and understand English to some extent, as every other subject in his course will now be in English. So by making it a necessity to virtually attend school beyond this point, these schools make English language learning the most important part of their curriculum, especially before this point in time. Realizing this, both teachers and parents put the most of their efforts in this subject in the child’s grooming years – the critical period. 3.3 Teachers and School Principals We asked two principals and one English teacher from these high-fee schools about how they teach their students an alien language and what they think about the alternate approach – not teaching a second language until a child has crossed their critical period. Some excerpts are included below: â€Å"It’s a commendable theory, but looking at our students, I don’t feel like we need to change anything. Most of our students in 8th grade and onwards in fact feel more comfortable with English than with Urdu when it comes to writing. I think this is a sign that things are going the right way and our approach in their primary schooling has paid off. Yes, maybe it undermines their abilities in their mother tongue, but objectively speaking, these children will need English a lot more later on in their lives and as a teacher, I’d want my students to be out there with the best. Make a name for themselves and achieve great things and in the global world that we are today, English is the most basic tool for success no matter what field these students go to.† –Principal 1 â€Å"We try to make learning as fun we can. I mean, these children are no older than my kids so I know what this age means for children. And I tell you, I feel happy when I see these kids actually excited to come to school. That’s how it should be. And they enjoy their time with English as well. I tell them they have to speak in English even when it is not English class because they have to try to actually be comfortable with it. It’ll take time, and every class they make a ruckus telling me â€Å"Ma’am, Bashir spoke in Urdu yesterday. Ma’am Saira doesn’t speak in English. Ma’am he just said a word in Urdu.† It’s amusing. I help them of course, telling them how to communicate and such. They tell me what they want to say or write and I help them translate that to English. Thes e children are quick learners by the way. I think they’ll get a good hang of it by the end of the year. I hope (chuckles).† –Teacher â€Å"It would be too late by then. I mean, first off there’s no definite time when you can say that, â€Å"Okay, now they’re proficient enough in Urdu, let’s start teaching them English.† Even if we do, that would be about sixth or fifth grade right? It’s too late and it would be too chaotic. All this time they’re studying subjects in Urdu, giving exams in Urdu, then we introduce a new language, teach it to them first, then convert all their knowledge in English, make them take all examinations in English, because at the end, whenever they sit in centralized examinations, they need to be able to do that. Maybe if you change the whole educational structure, it’s possible, but that’s too much work and too much risk really. I wouldn’t take that.† –Principal 2 3.4 Observation of Results—Questionnaire: In general, students showed a good understanding of the pictures given to them, and even managed to produce creative responses to them. Errors in spelling, sentence structure and grammar were common, but most students were able to convey their thoughts properly. As mentioned in the introduction, there were clear distinctions among these students of those were lagging far behind the rest of their peers, especially towards the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum within this category. 4.Case Study 2: Low-fee private schools 4.1 Introduction Similar to earlier case study, the range of fee for these schools was taken to be less than Rs. 18,000 per quarter year of education. Most of Pakistan’s student body falls into these schools, as government institutes also lie within this fee range. The family backgrounds of the students here are very similar—where there is little to no use of English outside the school. The daily life of students heavily feature the use of mother tongue, even that in the regional dialect. Similarly, the fee structure of these schools restricts the talent they can hire for their students; ultimately reducing the efficiency of the environment built inside the campus. The requirements that the families demand from these schools are very different than those of elite schools. Here education is seen as means to a job and eventually setting up a new earning source for the house. Considering the relatively milder diversity in the students of schools falling into this tier, the ir non-productive and productive hobbies also tend to be alike. This means that almost the entirety of media consumed is in non-English format including, but not limited to movies, dramas, and music. Ultimately, it means that both inside and outside school environment lack the need and actual use of English Language. It then, unfortunately, becomes a status symbol and is rejected sometimes on the basis of, â€Å"It’s not for us, leave it for the people with money†. 4.2 English Teaching Policies and Interviews Copying the structure and curricula from their elite counterparts, these schools introduce English language as a subject as early as grade 1, but pre-school and nursery level classes as well teach the language. Likewise, the official medium of instruction and hence most basic courses are taught in English. But unlike the students in our previous case study, these are not well equipped with English beforehand and even as part of schooling will find little interaction with the new language. Coupled with the quality of teachers available, the schooling is eventually done entirely in the child’s mother tongue, and these students have a much harder time getting a grip on the English language. 4.3 Teachers and School Principals We asked two principals from these low-fee schools about their English policies and what they think about the alternate approach – not teaching a second language until a child has crossed their critical period. They are included below: â€Å"Our schools are trying to compete with all these other elites out there (names a few schools for effect). I think you’re underestimating the abilities of these common children. They are as capable of learning English as the more privileged class. And I think to learn anything you have to give maximum exposure to the children in this age – this is their learning age. I know it’s hard but that’s why we’re here; to give them the same opportunities as those who God gave more status in this world. We are the ones who are trying to bring this society back to level grounds. You need English to study at prestigious institutions, to learn the computer, use the internet, even rea d instruction papers on products you use. Not knowing English from an early stage in your life renders you handicapped.† It will be appropriate to mention that the below interview was translated from Urdu and that the interviewee has qualifications in and has been a former teacher in Urdu and Islamiyat for intermediate level students before becoming principal. â€Å"All the schools need to do this actually (not teach English in the child’s critical period). Our children are forgetting the value and prestige of their local languages. It’s tear-jerking to see our youth so profound in a foreign language and yet they can’t hold even a proper conversation in Urdu? And I’ve been telling the committee that they need to do something about this as well. It’s just rotten how we’re forcing things they don’t understand down their throat. This isn’t learning. I tell my staff to communicate with them in Urdu or Punjabi when explaining so at least they’ll keep track of what they’re learning. Then maybe someday when they can properly understand English it can all fall into place. But even if this wasn’t the case even if they do perfectly understand English maybe some now or some generations later, the problem is that we need to teach them to be proud of their culture and heritage, and we can’t do that unless we make it hold some importance in their lives. If our government and society make our local languages completely irrelevant outside of homes, these education boards and committees will continue to give English more importance† 4.4 Observation of Results: When the questionnaires were given to the elite school students, the response was quite up to the mark. These children had a very good understanding of the language and its correct usage. They were able to answer the questionnaires themselves with little or no help from the faculty members or our team. On the other hand, most students belonging to low-tier schools, showed a huge amount dependency on teachers or us to even attempt the given tests. With this it was evident that despite passing through the primary phase of their education, they had not developed enough proficiency or confidence in English to be independent in its use. Moreover, the results that we did finally obtain painted a worse picture. Mistakes in spelling, vocabulary and general use of words, phrases and sentences were overwhelming to the point where it made most answers impossible to comprehend. Another distinctive feature was the attention paid to handwriting. Unlike their counter-par ts in this research, students from low-fee schools were a lot more conscious about their handwriting and even rewrote answers by tracing over a rough erasable draft. Students of high-fee schools had relatively free reigns in this regard and consequently, generally poorer handwriting. 5.Conclusion: Should low tier schools provide their English education as the elite schools? The question is still a hot debate in terms of education standards all over the country. Where the elite, high tier schools clam to provide a very good standard English education, they charge a fee that is not affordable to every family in the country. Most of the families are middle class and consequently are unable to pay the high fees of these schools due to which they turn to low tier schools which promise the same standard education as the elite schools, but in affordable fees. But how is such an educational equality even possible? When the budget of such schools is not as high as the elite schools so are their services. Less fees means less pay for teachers and so a lower English standard. The teachers are less qualified, less interested in teaching the students and so are the results. The students therefore are not as good as those of the high-level schools. When we checked the results, we came to a clear conclusion that even for the same grade and age groups, the response of children in elite schools was far better than those in these low fees affordable schools. While the students in elite schools were proficient in both oral and written usage of the English much better than what is expected from a second language, their counterparts studying in less privileged school systems had responses full of errors and mistakes. Apart from the standard the schools are providing, the children in low level schools usually come from a social class that is less concerned with the standard of education and more with the job acquiring ambitions. This ultimately leads to the low standard of education of such students. All in all, we have reached a conclusion that schools that try to mimic the education standards of high level schools are not in the least bit providing the education standard that they promise. Their students are receiving a low standard education and are less inclined to perfec t their English as their counterparts that are studying in more privileged environments.

Journal for American History Seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal for American History Seminar - Essay Example Mary chestnut’s â€Å"civil war† gives a profoundly annotated picture at the political and social atmosphere in South Carolina from 1861-1866. One of the most interesting bits about this book is brought by the personal commentary of Mary Chestnut and her observations on what was being said on the Medias on daily basis. The many nuggets of observations make this book interesting and worth reading. Mary Chestnut was a prominent politician’s wife and she had communication and contact with numerous renowned politicians during those times. In addition, Mr. Woodward’s wide-ranging annotations assist the contemporary day scholar to seize literary allusions and disparities in language made by Mary Chestnut. This also aids in the determination of all personalities she engrosses in her observations. As one reads through this book, he or she can observe how Mrs. Chestnut puts efforts to be more purposeful than prejudiced and takes her narratives as a possible signifi cant aspect of history in the future. This gives the reader an immense sense of an authentic person; a person who depicts hopes one day and despairs the next day. Marry Chestnut, as depicted in her book â€Å"Mary Chestnut’s Civil War†, may be regarded as a pseudo, and it is only through her opinions, news, gossip and personal tasks that she came up with the wide-ranging everyday account of life in the confederation that is used by the contemporary readers. Reading through this manuscript is similar to going back to history and having an everyday coffee and gossip session with the author. Though the book is presented more as a diary and a later overhaul of earlier narratives, Chestnut makes everything look like a first-hand dialogue. The book reveals that she loved tittle-tattle and flourished on consideration, where she had a seat in the front at all functions during this period. For instance, Chester notes â€Å"Robert E. Lee is regarded as a traitor by numerous ind ividuals after his military defeats†1. On Gen. Joe Johnston, Chestnut asserts â€Å"Being such a good hater, it is a pity he had not elected to hate somebody else than the president of our country†2. As a distinct and an interesting feature, Chestnut makes what happened in the past appear instant. Chestnut’s accounts on the preliminary jubilation of southern sovereignty and then the realism of adversity are poignant, even to anyone who would not empathize with her ideals. Mary Chestnut interestingly brings out the point of death in the society. During periods of war, it is anticipated that the people to die most are the soldiers, the men in the society, and children and women. In this book, shows that it is not only men who die at war but women and children who are subjected to adverse living conditions. Such endurances brought death upon the women and children, leaving everyone susceptible to death. In addition, this period was characterized by tribulations whic h would keep anyone off writing. It is interesting how, amid the troubles that she and her husband went through, she could still write. During this war, everything was crashing down around her and her husband, deaths around them, food scarcity, loss of lifestyle and culture, money shortages and lack of decent clothes to wear. She shows their tribulation when she indicates â€Å"the weight that hangs upon our eyelids is of lead†